Dr Mike Dollin, MD, MSc, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa, ON
Age-related Macular Degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults.
Symptoms
- Blurred or fuzzy central vision
- Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
- Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
- Dark or empty spots in the center of vision
- Reduced color perception
Macular degeneration (more specifically, age-related macular degeneration or AMD) is an eye disease that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
Dr. David Maberley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Risk Factors
- Age over 50
- Smoking
- Family history of AMD
- High blood pressure
- Obesity
- Diet low in fruits and vegetables
- Excessive UV light exposure
Types
1. Dry AMD (more common)
- Accounts for about 85–90% of cases
- Caused by gradual thinning of the macula and accumulation of deposits called drusen
- Usually progresses slowly
2. Wet AMD (less common but more severe)
- Caused by abnormal blood vessels growing beneath the retina and leaking fluid or blood
- Can lead to rapid vision loss
- Requires prompt treatment
Dr Mike Dollin, MD, MSc, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa, ON
Dr. David Maberley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Visual Disturbances: Chronic stress and anxiety can cause temporary visual symptoms, including blurred vision, light sensitivity, and eyestrain.
- Eyelid Twitching: Stress can sometimes trigger involuntary eyelid spasms or twitching, known as myokymia.
- Reduced Contrast Perception: Some studies suggest that depression can dull perception, making it harder to see colors and contrasts clearly.
- Dry Eyes: Depression is associated with decreased tear production, leading to eye dryness and discomfort
Greg Moloney, Ophthalmologist, Vancouver, BC
Common causes and risk factors:
- Aging
- Long periods of screen time that reduce blinking
- Dry, windy, or air-conditioned environments
- Certain medications (such as antihistamines or antidepressants)
- Contact lens use
- Hormonal changes
- Autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren syndrome
Dry Eye Disease is a common condition in which the eyes do not produce enough quality tears, or tears evaporate too quickly. Tears are essential for keeping the eye surface smooth, comfortable, and protected.
Common symptoms include:
- Stinging or burning sensations
- A gritty or sandy feeling
- Redness
- Blurred vision that improves with blinking
- Sensitivity to light
- Eye fatigue, especially during screen use
Dr. Paul Harasymowycz, MD, Ophthalmologist, Montreal
Dr. David Maberley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Dr. Michael Dollin, MD, FRCSC, Vitreoretinal Surgeon. Ottawa, ON
Dr. David Maberley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Dr. David Maberley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Social Isolation and Loneliness
- Difficulty recognizing faces or participating in social activities can lead people to withdraw from social situations.
- Reduced mobility and loss of confidence may further limit social engagement.
Reduced Self-Esteem and Identity Changes
- Some people feel a loss of confidence when they can no longer perform tasks they once did easily.
- Retirement, aging, and vision loss together can create a sense of diminished purpose or capability.
Stress and Frustration
- Everyday activities such as reading medication labels, using technology, cooking, or handling finances may require more effort.
- Frequent adaptation to changing vision can be mentally exhausting.
People with Age-related Macular Degeneration or other forms of Macular Degeneration often experience mental and emotional challenges in addition to vision loss. These can vary from mild frustration to significant psychological distress.
Common mental health issues associated with macular degeneration include:
Depression
- Loss of independence can be difficult, especially when activities like driving, reading, or recognizing faces become challenging.
- Studies have found higher rates of depression among people with macular degeneration compared with similarly aged individuals without significant vision loss.
Anxiety
- Worry about future vision loss and the possibility of blindness.
- Concerns about falls, navigating unfamiliar environments, or managing daily tasks.
- Fear of becoming dependent on family members or caregivers.
Eye Health Nutrition NOW
Dr. David Maberley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Nutrition and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Age-related Macular Degeneration is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Nutrition plays an important role in reducing the risk of AMD progression, particularly in intermediate and advanced stages.
Key Nutrients Linked to AMD
1. Lutein and Zeaxanthin
These carotenoid pigments accumulate in the macula and help filter harmful blue light while acting as antioxidants.
Food sources:
- Kale
- Spinach
- Collard greens
- Broccoli
- Corn
- Egg yolks
Research suggests higher dietary intake is associated with a lower risk of advanced AMD.
Emily Campbell, RD, Registered Dietitian and Dr David Maberely
Dr. Setareh Ziai, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa, ON
Dr. Annick Fournier, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Vitamin C
An antioxidant that helps protect retinal cells from oxidative damage.
Food sources:
- Oranges
- Strawberries
- Kiwi
- Bell peppers
- Brussels sprouts
3. Vitamin E
Protects cell membranes from oxidative stress.
Food sources:
- Almonds
- Sunflower seeds
- Hazelnuts
- Vegetable oils
4. Zinc
Important for retinal metabolism and vitamin A transport.
Food sources:
- Oysters
- Beef
- Pumpkin seeds
- Lentils
- Chickpeas
5. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Particularly DHA, a structural component of the retina.
Food sources:
- Salmon
- Sardines
- Mackerel
- Trout
- Herring
While studies have shown mixed results regarding supplementation, regular fish consumption is generally associated with better retinal health.
Dr. Hurley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Dr. David Maberley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON
Dr. Hurley, MD, FRCSC, Ophthalmologist, Ottawa. ON